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Mycoplasma genitalium
''Mycoplasma genitalium'' is a small pathogenic bacterium that lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the urinary and genital tracts in humans. Its existence was first reported in 1981, and was eventually identified as new species of ''Mycoplasma'' in 1983. It can cause significant morbidity in men and women, and is a co-factor in HIV transmission. It is still controversial whether or not this bacterium is to be recognized as a sexually transmitted pathogen, as it is a part of the "natural flora" of many women. Specifically, it causes urethritis (inflammation of the urinary tract) both in men and women, and also cervicitis (inflammation of cervix) and pelvic inflammation in women. Its complete genome sequence was published in 1995. Up until 2003, when a new species of Archaea ''Nanoarchaeum equitans'' had its genome sequenced, it was regarded as a cellular unit with the smallest genome.
The synthetic genome of ''M. genitalium'' named ''Mycoplasma genitalium'' JCVI-1.0 (after the research centre, J. Craig Venter Institute, where it was synthesised) was produced in 2008, becoming the first organism with a synthetic genome. In 2014, a protein was described called Protein M from ''M. genitalium''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140206lerner.html )〕
Infection by ''M. genitalium'' seems fairly common - it is possibly transmitted between partners during sexual intercourse - and can be treated with antibiotics.
== Signs and symptoms ==
Infection with ''M. genitalium'' sometimes produces clinical symptom, or a combination of symptoms, but sometimes can be asymptomatic. It causes inflammation in the urethra (urethritis) both in men and women, which is associated with mucopurulent discharge in the urinary tract, and burning while urinating. In women, it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory diseases, including endometritis and salpingitis. It is also suspected with tubal factor infertility. Polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that it is a cause of acute non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and probably chronic NGU. Unlike other ''Mycoplasma'', the infection is not associated with bacterial vaginosis. It is highly associated with the intensity of HIV infection. It is also suspected to play a role in the development of prostate and ovarian cancers and lymphomas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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